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标题: 曹医生你好，请问抽筋的问题 [打印本页]
作者: xiaoyu0106    时间: 2009-1-8 21:15
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作者: sam神    时间: 2009-1-8 22:46
冬天是较容易抽筋的

要多做热身和伸展，而且运动初期不能太拼
作者: xiaoyu0106    时间: 2009-1-9 12:22
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作者: sam神    时间: 2009-1-9 15:47
1. 你什么时候会抽筋，怎么抽法，抽多久？骑多久会抽?运动前前吃什么东西。
2. 你怎样做热身?怎么知道你做得好？
作者: xiaoyu0106    时间: 2009-1-9 18:00
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作者: xiaoyu0106    时间: 2009-1-9 18:06
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作者: 罗盘    时间: 2009-1-9 21:10
我也是特别容易抽筋，一般跑步到20公里以上就有将要抽筋的感觉，上次跑北马，20公里到39公里一直都只在与抽筋抗争，我认为与准备活动无关，也不象是训练不够。可能是身体缺少某些营养？
我在游泳的时候，游到2000米左右就有要抽筋的感觉，没办法，抽筋一直是困扰我的问题。
作者: sam神    时间: 2009-1-11 16:10
其实从另一角度去理解，抽筋是运动量过度致肌肉不能再负荷的表现。这可以是你抽筋前的运动量过剧或运动姿势不对做成肌肉过度负荷等引起。当然，也可以是缺钙等微量元素或血糖低等造成。

但是除非是长距離的运动（约1小时的运动），同时又不注意在运动中补水和电解质，一般很少是缺钙的。如果考虑是这因素的话，可以尝试认真于运动过程中补给运动饮料，同时在大于1小时的运动中适量补充点糖分。运动后半小时內补充碳水化合物。这些都是最基碓的道理。

除此以外，就是我说的热身不够或者過度运动的問题。如果热身不够的话，就自然減低了开始运动后的狀态，加快疲劳的出现，这是其一。另外，如果每次都是某个运动量后出现抽筋的問题即是说这就差不多是你的极限，没必要免強下去。你要做的是如何提升你的极限，让你下一次不会在这程度就抽筋。例如提升肌肉耐力，做一些重量训练，又或者在平时的训练距離不变的情況下減少速度或训练強度看看会不会抽筋。如果不会的话就说明是過量所致，这是绝对可以调整的。还有就是懂不懂放松去训练等等問题。。。。

我很抱歉沒有足够时间多写点东西让大家分享，但是希望大家不要盲目运动，这可能会造成让自己將来后悔的不可逆的伤害。要多想想，并学习科学的训练。

再补充一句，专业的长距離运动员热身可以长达1-2小时，所以我永远都不会覺得半小时內的热身是够好的，免強也只能说是“做過热身”。
作者: 罗盘    时间: 2009-1-16 12:19
版主说得有道理，我一般都是运动到某个量以后就容易出现抽筋。
另外再问个问题，就是抽筋与痉挛的区别，有次眼皮跳，一般的说法也叫痉挛吧，我感觉与抽筋差不多，难道眼皮也会运动过量？有什么方法能有效缓解？
作者: sam神    时间: 2009-1-17 19:24
抽筋与痉挛不同，眼皮跳与运动也無关，请自己google一下，跟运动医学無关的我不回答，不好意思！！！！
作者: zhukov    时间: 2009-2-21 15:14
版主说得有道理，我一般都是运动到某个量以后就容易出现抽筋。
另外再问个问题，就是抽筋与痉挛的区别，有次眼皮跳，一般的说法也叫痉挛吧，我感觉与抽筋差不多，难道眼皮也会运动过量？有什么方法能有效缓解？ ...
罗盘 发表于 2009-1-16 12:19

貌似眼皮跳与交感神经有关~是平滑肌...
痉挛貌似是肌肉受到刺激以后的一种保护性抑制
作者: zhukov    时间: 2009-2-21 15:16
运动并不会直接让你抽筋~
而是运动中产生的乳酸~电解质的流失(特别是钙)~会让肌肉抽筋
多喝高钙牛奶~
作者: sam神    时间: 2009-2-24 00:19
貌似眼皮跳与交感神经有关~是平滑肌...
痉挛貌似是肌肉受到刺激以后的一种保护性抑制
zhukov 发表于 2009-2-21 15:14


控制眼睑的主要是眼轮匝肌和提上睑肌，都是横纹肌，另外有辅助性质的均是Müller肌，这是平滑肌

关于眼皮跳，我找了一些资料，实在是浪费我的时间，但我实在看不下去你声称自己是学医的却在这里誤导大家，作为医者，別人很容易相信你的话，请你不确定的不要乱说。

下面是用google搜索"眼皮跳的原因"的第一個网站:



尽管现代医学科学早已证实老百姓常说的“左眼跳财，右眼跳灾”毫无科学依据，但仍然有很多人（特别是在农村）因为眼皮跳来看病。这说明眼皮跳的现象普遍存在，而且人们不清楚眼皮跳的原因。那么——

眼皮为啥跳

在医学上，眼皮称之为眼睑。眼睑有两种肌肉，一种叫做眼轮匝肌，形状似车轮，环绕着眼睛，当它收缩时眼睑就闭合；另一种肌肉叫提上睑肌，当它收缩时眼睛就睁开。这两种肌肉不断收缩、放松，眼睛就能睁开和闭合。如果支配这两种肌肉的神经受到某种因素的刺激，两种肌肉同时兴奋，就会出现反复收缩，甚至痉挛或颤动，眼皮就会不由自主地跳动。出现眼皮跳时，多数人自己感觉明显，旁人却看不出来，只有个别人能被旁人看到眼皮跳。

眼皮跳用治吗

眼皮跳可分为生理性和病理性两种。

生理性眼皮跳不需治疗很多人经历过生理性眼皮跳，其发作是一过性的，发作时间很短，常常只是几秒钟，跳动程度也不严重。这种眼皮跳一般不需要进行特殊处理。只要闭眼睛休息一会儿，进行局部按摩或热敷一下，眼皮跳就会消失。

病理性眼皮跳需要治疗有的人不光是眼皮跳，甚至连嘴角和半边脸都一起抽动，并感觉到恶心、头晕。这种眼皮跳只有在找到并消除病因后才能使之停止。其病因包括劳累、紧张和疾病。比较严重的病理性眼皮跳是面肌痉挛后引起的。这种眼皮跳是颅内疾病的征兆，主要因为支配眼皮的肌肉运动的面部神经被血管压迫，产生异常神经冲动引起，很难自愈，应当尽早请神经外科医生检查治疗。所以，如果出现长时间并逐渐加重的眼皮跳，应及时到医院就诊。

==============================================

眼皮跳的原因

眼皮跳，很多人认为是有好的事情发生或者有不好的事情发生。

从医学上讲，眼皮跳的学名是“眼睑震颤”，主要是因为眼睑内一条很薄的肌肉－轮匝肌反复收缩，起因有两种，一种是因为休息、睡眠不足，或者是因为贫血、烟酒过度，另外一种是因为眼病引起，比如近视、远视、散光、结膜炎、角膜炎……

医治方法一方面要注意休息，如果严重的话可适量服用奎宁，特别严重的要到医院去哦！

这里除了引用科学理论外，我对眼皮跳可能的后果作一下简单的分析，如果一个人的眼皮总跳，一方面因为休息不当或疲劳等上述原因，一方面因为不停的眼皮跳，势必会心绪不宁，在工作的时候真的可能引发出来一些意外或者错误，如果是在马路上走路、骑车甚至开车，有很大可能性导致事故发生，这基本上就是眼皮跳所引发的“祸”，至于说跳“财”恐怕只能牵强附会了！

伴随生活节奏的加快，眼皮跳越来越多地困扰人们的工作生活，特别是在换季的时候。长期以来，由于面神经学这一学科没有统一的、规范的诊断和治疗标准，对“眼皮跳”说法各异，或片面或盲目，导致在治疗和预防上存在着诸多误区。

一、有些人认为眼皮跳无所谓，民间有“左眼跳财，右眼跳灾”之说，尤其对左眼跳更不在意，结果延误了病情；二、一些人过于敏感，眼皮刚刚跳，马上就去治疗。期望“立竿见影”好得快，慌不择法，也不考虑后果。结果把本来是一种容易治好的常见病，变成了极为难治的疾病。三、混淆或不确定病症。错把眼皮跳都当痉挛治，更有人拿面瘫后遗症出现的眼皮跳也当痉挛治。

北京伊济源面神经学研究院院长孙连桂通过对临床8000余例面神经疾病可视性病例分析后认为，无论是眼皮跳，还是面肌痉挛，除占位性病变外，多是由于精神紧张，眼肌疲劳，睡眠不足，慢性疾病前兆和面瘫后遗症等因素，使得神经功能传导减弱，眼部营养不足，毛细血管与神经末梢形成触点式粘连，牵动肌肉，导致不自主跳动。毛细血管与神经末梢接触面积增大，从触点式粘连变成线状性粘连，由跳动变成抽动，就形成了面肌痉挛，病灶也在眼部。从诊断上看，单纯的眼皮跳与面肌痉挛有着明显的区别，单纯的眼皮跳，一般面部肌肉没有凹陷、鼻唇沟不对称或面颊呈线状萎缩带；眨眼时，口轮匝肌没有牵动感。

其实，眼皮跳是每个人在生活中都可能遇到的，大部分人可以在短期自行消失。所以，当眼皮刚刚跳动时，不要马上去治疗，而是要多注意休息，放松精神，保持良好的心态；同时，注意观察一下，眼皮跳是逐渐减少还是增加，有没有向下扩大的趋势和从眼周围向口角的线状牵拉感。另外，照照镜子，瞧一瞧、摸一摸有没有明显的萎缩处(凹陷处)。如果一周后眼皮仍然跳，就应该到专业医疗机构进行诊治。
参考资料：百度
作者: sam神    时间: 2009-2-24 00:48
运动并不会直接让你抽筋~
而是运动中产生的乳酸~电解质的流失(特别是钙)~会让肌肉抽筋
多喝高钙牛奶~
zhukov 发表于 2009-2-21 15:16


我说的造成楼主抽筋是运动量过度所致，运动量过度当然造成乳酸增多。

难道我要这样回复你？

乳酸增多并不会直接让你抽筋~
而是因为大量流汗後造成间隙液的大量流失，而间隙液的主要成份是氯化钠，肌肉细胞外的渗透活跃分子损失造成肌肉细胞渗透压的不平衡和肿大使积累更多的肌肉细胞內活跃分子。造成肌肉內腔和网狀组织中间的钙泵短路，钙离子保留在肌钙蛋白内，使肌肉持续收缩。

想問多喝高钙牛奶就能減轻这情況的发生吗？你知道喝高钙牛奶后实制吸收的钙有多少嗎？或者会造成怎樣的电解质失衡吗？
作者: sam神    时间: 2009-2-24 00:53
关于抽筋轉两篇文章，不過沒时间翻绎，会看的先看看吧:

Cramp                                        From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia                                                                                                Jump to: navigation, search
                                                For the heraldic device, see cramp (heraldry); for the band, see The Cramps
Cramp
Classification and external resources
ICD-10R25.2
ICD-9729.82
DiseasesDB3151
MedlinePlus003193
MeSHD009120
Cramps, (sometimes called charley horses in North America), are very unpleasant, often painful, sensations caused by contraction or over shortening of muscles. Cramps can be caused by cold, overexertion or low calciumlevel in blood (especially for adolescents where they need calcium forboth blood and bone maturing). Illness or poisoning can also causecramps, particularly in the stomach, which is referred to as colic if it fits particular characteristics.
Contents [hide]

[edit] CausesThere are six basic causes of cramping:[1] hyperflexion; hypoxia; exposure to large changes in temperature; dehydration; low blood salt; or low blood calcium. Muscle cramps may also be a symptom/complication of pregnancy, kidney disease, thyroid disease, hypokalemia or hypocalcemia (as conditions), restless legs syndrome, varicose veins,[2] and multiple sclerosis.[3]
Electrolyte disturbance may cause cramping and tetany of muscles, particularly hypokalaemia (a low level of potassium) and hypocalcaemia (a low level of calcium). This disturbance arises as the body loses large amounts of interstitial fluidthrough sweat. This interstitial fluid is composed mostly of water andtable salt (NaCl). The loss of osmotically active particles outsidemuscle cells leads to a disturbance of the osmotic balance and swellingof muscle cells as these contain more osmotically active particles.This causes the calcium pump between the muscle lumen and sarcoplasmic reticulum to short circuit and the calcium ions remain bound to the troponin and the muscle contraction is continued. This may occur when the lactic acid is high in the cells.

[edit] Iatrogenic causesStatins are known to cause myalgiaand cramps among other side effects. Additional factors increasingprobability for these adverse side effects are physical exercise, age,female gender, history of cramps and hypothyroidism. Up to 80% of athletes using statins suffer significant muscular adverse effects including cramps,[4] the rate appears to be approximately 10-25% in typical population using statins.[5][6]In some cases these adverse effects will disappear after switching to adifferent statin, however they should not be ignored if they persist asthey can, in rare cases, develop into a more serious problem. CoenzymeQ10 supplementation can be helpful to avoid some statin related adverseeffects but currently there is not enough evidence to proveeffectiveness in avoiding myopathy or myalgia.[7]

[edit] TreatmentMuscle cramps can be treated by applying a soft massage on thecramped muscle, stretching your hands up above you and breathing indeeply through the mouth, stretching the muscle and applying heat orcold. Heat improves superficial blood circulation and makes musclesmore flexible, so some people find heat to be soothing for musclecramps. Application of excessive heat or cold to sore muscles may bringon cramps. Pounding on a cramped muscle can increase soreness. Tryingto put weight on a cramp too soon can cause another cramp, or even atemporary loss of ability to use that muscle.
There is no scientific evidence to support the widely held claim bythe sports nutrition industry that intake of specially composedelectrolyte drinks has any advantage over intake of plain table salt(via drink or food) and water to counter these electrolyte disturbancesand muscle cramps in people with a well-functioning renal system.
Eating foods high in potassium can help prevent muscle cramps.[8]
In the case of cramps caused by varicose veins, treatment of theaffected veins with sclerotherapy, endovenous laser or surgery usuallyprovides relief.
Quinine has been prescribed for the treatment of leg cramps. However, because of the drug's risks, the United States FDA has declared it should not be used to prevent or treat leg cramps.[9]

[edit] Specific types of cramps
[edit] Smooth muscle crampsSmooth muscle contractions lie at the heart of the cramping (or colicky) pain of internal organs. These include the intestine, uterus, ureter (in kidney stone pain), and various others.

[edit] Menstrual crampsMain article: Dysmenorrhea
Menstruation is also highly likely to cause cramps of varying severity in the abdomen that may radiate to the lower back and thighs. Menstrual cramps can be treated with ibuprofen, acetaminophen (paracetamol),stretching exercises, or the application of heat through such means aswarm baths or heating pads. Menstrual cramps that do not respond toself-treatment can be a symptom of endometriosis or other health problems.

[edit] Skeletal muscle crampsSkeletal muscles are muscles that can be voluntarily controlled. Of the skeletal muscles, those which cramp the most often are the calves, thighs, and arches of the foot. These cramps are seemingly associated with strenuous activity and can be intensely painful.

[edit] Nocturnal leg crampsNocturnal leg cramps are involuntary muscle contractions that occur in the calves, soles of the feet,or other muscles in the body during the night or (less commonly) whileresting. Only a few fibers of a muscle may be activated.[10]The duration of nocturnal leg cramps is highly variable with crampssometimes only lasting a few seconds and other times several minutes.Soreness in the muscles may remain for some time after the cramp ends.These cramps are more common in older people but may happen to anyone.They can happen quite frequently in teenagers and in some people whilethey are exercising at night. Nocturnal leg cramps can be very painful,especially if the person is dehydrated. Usually, putting some pressureon the affected leg by walking some distance will make the cramp goaway.
The precise cause of these cramps is unclear. Potential contributing factors are believed to include dehydration, low levels of certain minerals (magnesium, potassium, calcium, and sodium),and the reduced blood flow through the muscles attendant in prolongedsitting or lying down. Less common causes include more seriousconditions or the use of drugs.
Nocturnal leg cramps may be relieved by stretching the affected legstraight out and pointing the toes upward. People report that quicklystanding up and walking a few steps may also shorten the duration of acramp.
Nocturnal leg cramps (almost exclusively calf cramps) are consideredto be 'normal' during the late stages of pregnancy. They can howevervary in intensity from mild to incredibly painful. Also, the standard R.I.C.E. treatment may be used.

[edit] See also
[edit] References
Muscle Cramp         

Who Gets Cramps
Cause
Prevention
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment

                  Have you ever experienced a "charley horse"? If yes, you probably stillremember the sudden, tight and intense pain caused by a muscle lockedin spasm.
          A cramp is an involuntary and forcibly contracted muscle that does notrelax. Cramps can affect any muscle under your voluntary control(skeletal muscle). Muscles that span two joints are most prone tocramping. Cramps can involve part or all of a muscle, or severalmuscles in a group.
                                                                                The most commonly affected muscle groups are:
        Cramps in the feet, hands, arms, abdomen, and along the rib cage are also very common.        
Top of page
                  Who Gets Cramps         
          Just about everyone will experience a muscle cramp sometime in life. Itcan happen while you play tennis or golf, bowl, swim, or do anyexercise. It can also happen while you sit, walk, or even just sleep.Sometimes the slightest movement that shortens a muscle can trigger acramp.
        Some people are predisposed to muscle cramps and get them regularly with any physical exertion.
Those at greatest risk for cramps and other ailments related toexcess heat include infants and young children, people over age 65, andthose who are ill, overweight, overexert during work or exercise, ortake drugs or certain medications.
        Muscle cramps are very common among endurance athletes (i.e.,marathon runners and triathletes) and older people who performstrenuous physical activities.
                                Top of page
                  Cause         
          Although the exact cause of muscle cramps is unknown (idiopathic), someresearchers believe inadequate stretching and muscle fatigue leads toabnormalities in mechanisms that control muscle contraction. Otherfactors may also be involved, including poor conditioning, exercisingor working in intense heat, dehydration and depletion of salt andminerals (electrolytes).
                  Stretching and Muscle Fatigue                    Muscles are bundles of fibers that contract and expand to producemovement. A regular program of stretching lengthens muscle fibers sothey can contract and tighten more vigorously when you exercise. Whenyour body is poorly conditioned, you are more likely to experiencemuscle fatigue, which can alter spinal neural reflex activity.Overexertion depletes a muscle's oxygen supply, leading to build up ofwaste product and spasm. When a cramp begins, the spinal cordstimulates the muscle to keep contracting.
        
Heat, Dehydration, and Electrolyte Depletion        Muscle cramps are more likely when you exercise in hot weather becausesweat drains your body's fluids, salt and minerals (i.e., potassium,magnesium and calcium). Loss of these nutrients may also cause a muscleto spasm.
        
Top of page
                  Prevention         
          To avoid future cramps, work toward better overall fitness. Do regularflexibility exercises before and after you work out to stretch musclegroups most prone to cramping.
                 Warm Up. Always warm up before stretching.        
        Calf Muscle Stretch.  In a standing lunge with both feet pointed forward, straighten the rear leg. (Repeat with opposite leg.)
        Hamstring Muscle Stretch. Sit with one leg folded inand the other straight out, foot upright and toes and ankle relaxed.Lean forward slightly, touch foot of straightened leg. (Repeat withopposite leg.)
        Quadriceps Muscle Stretch.  While standing, hold top of foot with opposite hand and gently pull heel toward buttocks. (Repeat with opposite leg.)
        Hold each stretch briefly, then release. Never stretch to the point of pain.  
        Top of page
                  Symptoms         
          Muscle cramps range in intensity from a slight tic to agonizing pain. Acramping muscle may feel hard to the touch and/or appear visiblydistorted or twitch beneath the skin. A cramp can last a few seconds to15 minutes or longer. It might recur multiple times before it goesaway.
        Top of page
                  Diagnosis         
          Although most muscle cramps are benign, sometimes they can indicate a serious medical condition.         
        See your doctor if cramps are severe, happen frequently, respond poorlyto simple treatments, or are not related to obvious causes likestrenuous exercise. You could have problems with circulation, nerves,metabolism, hormones, medications, or nutrition.
        Muscle cramps may be a part of many conditions that range from minor tosever, such as Lou Gehrig's disease (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis),spinal nerve irritation or compression (radiculopathy), hardening ofthe arteries, narrowing of the spinal canal (stenosis), thyroiddisease, chronic infections, and cirrhosis of the liver.
        Give the doctor your medical history including details about allergies, illnesses, injuries, surgeries, and medications.        
        How long have you experienced cramps? Is there a family history of theproblem? Do your cramps occur only after exercise, or do they happenwhile at rest? Does stretching relieve the cramps? Do you have muscleweakness or other symptoms? Your doctor may want to take a routineblood test to rule out diseases.
                        Top of page
                Treatment
                Cramps usually go away on their own without seeing a doctor.
         
作者: nozipoo    时间: 2009-2-26 15:00
我的情况跟你类似，骑到100KM左右大腿后侧股三头肌就抽筋，而且反复的发作，腿不能弯曲，只要一弯就抽。
要10几分钟才会慢慢恢复。现在在家里不运动时也会。也许是剧烈运动导致肌肉拉伤的原因，大概10年前我去学武术，第一天教练帮我压腿，致使我的双腿后侧肌肉严重拉伤，此后1年多里腿无法主动向后施力弯曲，直到现在没有恢复。
作者: sam神    时间: 2009-3-4 23:03
看來你幾個問題不是抽筋，而是拉伤後造成的肌肉纤维化和韌性減低，可以多做点按摩、热敷和伸展運動，必要的话做理疗甚至打針。

除非真的很嚴重，否則只要堅持和合理科學，應該可以緩解很多的
作者: xiaoyu0106    时间: 2009-3-7 10:37
提示: 作者被禁止或删除 内容自动屏蔽
作者: flyingking    时间: 2009-3-16 16:51
SAM啊，为什么我平时100KM以内一般都不会抽，但我昨天去松江，到半路上就抽了，而且是不会好的那一种。现在虽然休息了一天了但还在抽着。昨天18度多，会不会和盐份的流失有关呢（自己的观点）？
作者: sam神    时间: 2009-3-16 20:27
这不一定的，可能跟你流汗较多有关
作者: flyingking    时间: 2009-3-17 10:51
CONGRATULATIONS TO YOU！基本回来全身盐花，哈哈！



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